• Scope 1 Emissions: Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources.

• Scope 2 Emissions: Indirect emissions from the consumption of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling.

• Scope 3 Emissions: All other indirect emissions in the value chain, including upstream and downstream activities.

UK Regulations:

• Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS): Applies to large undertakings (250+ employees or annual turnover > €50 million and balance sheet > €43 million). Assessments are required every four years.

• Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR): Applies to quoted companies of any size, large unquoted companies, and large LLPs. A large company in SECR terms has a turnover of £36 million or more, a balance sheet total of £18 million or more, or 250 or more employees. Annual reporting is required.

Both ESOS and SECR aim to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact by enhancing transparency and accountability in energy and carbon reporting.